1 May 1812

Evidence

Introd

Ch.17. Exclusion [...?]

5

§.7. $. Vexation by disclosure

Add here the case of Catholic confession

Exceptions to [...?][...?]

6. Where the nature of the transgression is such that the evil which it is liable to produce is produced wholly or principally by disclosure, then, in a seat or cause which has not for its direct object the bringing to light and inflicting punishment or exacting /and affording/ satisfaction as for such offence, the disclosure in question might not to be exacted.

Examples of this case, and on the whole, to no considerable extent, may it is supposed be found in that class of offences, in which the offence consists in gratification afforded in some way or other to the sexual appetite: such especially as when known become productive of disrepute to the individuals concerned, without being productive of evil in any determinate shape to any other assignable individuals.

7. In the case where on the one hand by non disclosure has for its certain or more or less probable consequence loss of satisfaction as for wrong or damage by non-receipt of /valuable/ service legally done,/by undue/ or subjection to burthensome obligations in any shape other than penal which on the other hand on the score of punishment or satisfaction as for wrong disclosures threatens to be productive, as above, of evil which but for such disclosure would more or less probably not be felt, it ought to be in the power of the Judge to pronounce what in his opinion is the /lesser/ greater of the two antagonizing evils, and decide accordingly.

[marginal note]

Communication made to a Catholic Priest by a Catholic in quality of his penitent communication /in the character in the way of confession/ being made [...?]. On the occasion /or for the purpose/ of a sin or crime je non [...?] or [...?] a Catholic priest to be compellable or [...?] to reveal any communication made to him as such in the way of confession [...?] to the right of the Catholic church?
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    Description: 3 July 1804

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    '.2. Persons

    2. As to witnesses the principal shapes in which this burthen is liable to fall upon them may be thus indicated /enumerated/

    1. Trouble and loss of time by attendance at the seat of judicature

    2. Trouble and loss of time (exclusive of actual expence) by journies to and from the seat of judicature

    3. Vexation by forced disclosure of secrets: i.e. facts, the disclosure of which may in any way /rspect/ be prejudicial to him: may be productive to him of any sort of suffering which if produced against law instead of /and not/ being produced by force of law would consitute in some shape or other, the matter of some offence /delinquency/. No offence against his person (or by exposing him to personal injuries through revenge Note? -) against his property (as by the disclosure of secrets of trade Note? -) against his reputation, (as by the disclosure of venereal[?] irregularities Note? -) or against his condition in life, (as by the disclosure of illegitimate parentage or concealed sex. Note?)

    In all cases such as the foregoing, an option will be /may come/ to be made between evil and evil - under the head of evidence

    +: a question may present itself for solution - whether to insist upon the disclosure, or to dispence with its being made:- to insist upon it, in consideration for the sake of the justice due to suitors /men[?] in the character/ - or to excuse it, in consideration for the sake of the attention

    /[...?]/ due to them in the character of human creatures endowed with sensibility.

    / + In B.V.B.1 Exclusion proper./
  • Title: [2 Sept 1811 Jug Util Cause]
    Description: 2 Sept 1811

    Jug Util

    Cause of the preaching of this doctrine. The penitent becomes a patient, the priest the physician.

    By this system the salvation of the individual being more anxiously consulted than the tranquillity of the people or the power of its rulers, it did not find favour in their sight. It afforded them some trouble, and /had/ was never by that government or any other been, in the character of a genuine offspring of Christianity, received into the establishment, and /or/ put into the catalogue of merits. Its [...?] /reception in the character of a/ to be received and taken as the genuine offspring of that religion was not however the less unquestionable /correct/ /[...?]/ /[...?]/ at least if the doctrine /by/ which gives merit /positive merit/ to repentance to be really a part of it. The fault lies not in the application made of the principle but in the principle itself. It is a principle of which no good application, no application but an evil one can be made.

    18

    Individual salvation being thus, more anxiously provided for than peoples tranquillity or rulers power, the expedient was odious. It was not however the less Christian, if he doctrine of repentance be Christian. The fault lay not in the application, but in the principle—no good application could be made of it.

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  • Title: [1822 Oct. 7 Tripoli Securities against Misrule]
    Description: 1822 Oct. 7 Tripoli Securities against Misrule ?.9. VIII Misuse of Writings

    If by legal means obtained /employed [...?]/ for the purpose of obtaining

    evidence of this or that act of delinquency, or of the correspondent

    non-delinquency, or in support of this or that particular right, writings or

    other documents capable of serving as evidence respecting any other supposed

    offence or right, the evidence thus obtained may be employed accordingly. But if

    in this way possession or inspection has been obtained of writings or other

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    produced to any person without service rendered to justice in any shape as

    above, for such evil all parties concerned in the production if it shall be

    responsible to the purpose of reparation, or punishment, or both as the case may

    require.

    If for the purpose of producing serious evil by disclosure of writings or other

    documents evidence not applicable to any other than a trivial offence or a

    trivial right be obtained, though it be by legal means, all persons knowingly

    concerned in such inspection or divulgation shall be responsible to the purpose

    of reparation or punishment or both. But from the punishment deduction may be

    made proportioned to any such good as shall be deemed to have been produced by

    the production of such evidence.

    Note(a) Example. For the purpose of causing a person to be disinherited or

    otherwise made to suffer by an over-severe or capricious /tyrannical/ father,

    husband or master, an adversary /enemy/ obtains by legal means in company with

    documents applicable to the purpose of a trivial offence or right others which

    by means of some exasperation produce the evil effect intended as above.