date

27 Nov 1813 Jug Util or Articles
27 Nov 1813

Jug Util or Articles

Ch. Punish t misseated & Atonement

4

§. Error Causes

Unhappily the appetite for the spectacle of another's pain /human suffering/ is not confined to any such /comparatively/ narrow and /uniformly/ /clearly/ salutary case. Cases there are, and that to a deplorably extensive amount, in which the appetite [is produced] for this barbarous feast is produced, not only without antecedent experience of injury /received pain injuriously inflicted on the person by whom this appetite/ but without so much as the belief or supposition of it. Created by any difference in opinion, created by any difference in taste, what is this subject of difference by which it is not capable of being created?

Unfortunately too when the appetite is thus /causeless/ groundless, produced without any specific /particular/ assignable cause produced as it were in the way of equivocal generation, it is in these cases that it is apt to be most [...?]: produced by injury, it has for its limits and its measure and its limit the magnitude of the injury: produced without injury, its magnitude is without limit: it has no other measure than the strength of the irascible appetite /dissocial passion/ in the breast in which this appetite has place and operates.
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    In the case of injury or imagined injury received imagined is to have been received, the cravingness of this appetite, has every where been the more intense. The less the advance made in the career of civilization, the more violent this irascible appetite is apt to be in the case of injury. /To/ Of the demand for punishment as regulated by the principle of utility it is /has in this case been/ altogether without regard. Blinded by passion a man yields to and is governed by the calls /cravings/ of the appetite how pregnant so ever with anothers misery, and to this inordinate and destructive desire /has given/ gives the appellation of the love of justice.
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    /2/ 1. Extravazatia. /1/ 2. Saturation. 3. Error as to the source: the source inanimate. Extravazatia 1. to the whole lineage[?] 2. to the whole sex.

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    In so far therefore as for the prevention of future delinquency by the force of example, by means of the terror produced by punishment inflicted on the score of past delinquency the production of pain in the breast of the delinquent is necessary in this case in so far as by any form given to the punishment encrease is given to the pleasure of vengeance or revenge derivable by a party injured from the contemplation of such pain, and thus without addition made to the /mass/ suffering of the delinquent, satisfaction clear of all expense is administered to the party /quandom sufferer/ injured, pain is converted into a source of pleasure, out of the bitter sweet is made to come forth, and in the application thus made of the matter of good and evil, the maximum of good economy is manifested.