1821. April 7.

First Lines

Explanations

Civil Law.

The objects secured against are all of them comprisable under the name of a single fictitious entity - evil: but for every practical purpose one or other of the several sources from whence evil is considered as apt to flow require to be brought to view by apposite denominations. These may be afforded by one or other of two epithets annexed to the word evil: viz. the words purely physical and the word moral. By purely physical evil may be /is meant to be/ designated evil which has /having/ its /resulting from every/ source in operations cause in the operation of which human design /mind/ is not considered as taking any active part: by moral evil, evil in the production of which the human mind takes a part more or less active. In the different situations in which the persons in whose operations moral evil has its source, are capable of occupying with relation to those to whom the security is afforded, we have another /an ulterior/ source of division, and that a perfectly manifest and practical one. Be they who they may, considered as being persons from whose operations evil is liable to flow, and thence as persons against whose aggression the /security for the several/ members of the community is required, they may, with indisputable propriety, be designated by the term adversaries.

As to such internal adversaries

Evils considered in particular, and as being so many results of operations performed by /the operations of/ Adversaries, are termed injuries.

Internal Adversaries, when so far as the security afforded against injuries of which their agency is the immediate source is afforded by the operations of penal law are termed offenders, delinquents, criminals, malefactors: in so far as no such security is afforded by those same operations they are comprisable under the appellation of evil rulers.