6 Aug. 1804

Procedure

Ch. non-homologation

3.-2. Import uncertain

Governed in this way, men are governed precisely upon /on/ the same footing /way/ and by the same means as dogs are governed.

On a certain shelf in a certain room are kept provisions that be in readiness for family use. As often as the dog is seen taking or attempting to take from off that shelf without permission, any part of its contents, he is beaten for it. In this way, is formed in the mind of the dog the idea of that offence which we call theft and of the law, by which in the way of jurisprudential law (jus) that offence stands prohibited. In the memory and imagination of the dog the place of a definition is supplied by the association formed between the idea of the spot in question, the idea of the act of taking the sort of article in question from that spot, and the idea of the stroke of the stick, of the previous threat conveyed by the previous holding up of the stick, and of the pain sustained in consequence. As often as the master or any other person in the family, after taking up though it be from that same shelf /[...?]/, a piece of meat or other provision, holds it out or loses it to the dog, who eats it accordingly, no beating takes place, no threatening, nor consequently any idea of theft.