19 April 1805

Evidence

Securities

Ch. Proced. Techn. Roman[?]

Ch. or ''. . Technical System - Roman Law.

In the Roman nation as in every other, the natural system must have been /preceded/ in use before the technical: for the technical system supposes writing, and the art so common as to have been converted into a trade.

Accordingly, for a long time down to a considerably advanced period of Roman history, the presence of the parties, of the plff at least was indispensable. At one time justice was the object, and then the Judge would + do nothing unless the parties were present: in process of time the profit of trade became the object: and then he would not hear them so much as suffer them to come into his presence /in his presence/.