1821 Aug. 24. Codification Offer '.5. Draughtsman single

Remains, as the only form of government under which the subject many are not, in

the breasts of the ruling few, objects of dissocial affection in any shape -

Representative Democracy: in particular, that which, for these forty years, has

stood exhibited in the Anglo-American United States: original number, thirteen:

now, August 1821, encreased to twenty three. Here instead of contempt and hatred

on one side (not to speak of the other) may be seen by every eye that can endure

the sight, respect and love on both sides. Of this felicity, the cause, is -

that, while the whole of the operative power of the government is in the hands

of a comparatively small number, the whole of the constitutive power, with

reference to that same operative power, is in the hands of the many: those, by

whom the several branches of the operative power are exercised, being, with or

without immediate agency, not only appointed, but with certainty and promptitude

removable, by those by whom the above-mentioned constitutive power is exercised:

for it is of such power of appointment and removal that that same constitutive

power is composed.

Thus it is that as, in an absolute Monarchy, on the part of the rulers, that

inaptitude, which is the opposite of appropriate moral aptitude is consummate,

so, in a representative democracy, framed on the principle of virtually

universal suffrage, appropriate moral aptitude itself is consummate. Under a

limited Monarchy, according to the extent of the limitations, and the situation

of the hands by which they are applied, the degree of moral inaptitude on the

part of the sub-rulers may admitt of some depression: namely in consequence of

any influence which the subject many may chance to have, in the choice and in

the conduct of those same sub-rulers: but, at the very best, in so far as, in

the /their/ eyes competition has place, the happiness of the subject many will

still with certainty and constancy, be sacrificed to the happiness of those same

sub-rulers.