1818 Aug. 25 §.1

Things as they are First lines &c.

§.1 Misrule Necessity

2

 For extant speculation and revenue of Austria, Prussia and Russia see Morn g Chron. 25 Aug. 1818

{State of the Nation /Government/ &c

First lines /Principles/ of constitutional policy.

I. Misrule - necessity of its predominance, under every government but that of a Representative Democracy {with secret and virtually universal suffrage.}

II. Its principal effects waste and oppression - subject maters of waste

III. Its instruments and causes in a pure Monarchy, military force.

IV. Its instruments in the English mixt Monarchy, corruption and military force

V. Matter of corruption - its ingredients

IVI. Words and phrases employed as instruments of misrule.

{That} By the unalterable constitution of mans nature, in the ordinary course of life every human being pursues his own interest , in preference of all other interests put together.}

Note (a)

6[?] By his own interest, understand that interest which on each occasion being present to his mind operates upon it with greatest force. When Esau when he sold /in selling/ his birthright for a mess of pottage Esau pursued his own interest: for under the pains[?] of hunger, the value of the pottage as a means of relief from those pains[?] was so great, as to occupy the whole extent of his mind, and exclude from his view the complicated train of ideas necessary to present to his conception the value of his inheritance.

3. In proportion as a man sympathises with the sufferings and comforts of every other man /being/, it becomes his interest to asswage /diminish/ these sufferings and encrease those comforts as if they were his own. The greater the number of the human beings with whom he thus sympathises, the higher the degree in which he possesses the virtue of benevolence. Benvolence is a passive virtue; correspondent to it, and consequent upon it is the active virtue of beneficence.

4. The case of a human being of mature age and sound mind in whose breast no such feeling as that of sympathy ever had place has perhaps never been compleatly realized.