1821. May. 10.

Codification Offer.

Omitt this

Quere - whether this shall be inserted? Answer No: 10 Nov 1821

Note (a) continued

(a) Names are either names of the real entities concerned, or the

names of the fictitious entities concerned: real entities concerned are, subjects of

possession and action, agents and instruments. Subjects of possession are either

immoveable, or moveable: moveable subjects are either non-vehicular, or vehicular,

i.e vehicles: vehicles are by land, water, or air. Immoveables subjects (portions of

the earth's surface) are valuable either for their unincreasing matter, or for their

increasing produce. Agents are inanimate, or animate: animate are either rational or

irrational. Rational agents are considered either in respect of such of their acts by

which happiness is increased, or in respect of such of their acts, by which happiness

is diminished. These latter are misdeeds, and, in so far as they are objects of

prohibition - of prohibition emaning from agents in a particular situation - are

offences. A rational agent in so far as he addresses to another in whom it is in his

power to produce diminution of happiness, an expression of will intimating a desire

that by the agent so addressed, action in a determinate shape signified shall be

performed, issues thereby a command: if the desire is that

it be not performed but abstained from, a prohibition: in

either case he creates an obligation: an obligation positive, to perform the action, an obligation negative, to abstain from it. Revoking the command or the

prohibition he cancels the obligation: revoking the command, he substitutes to it permission not to

perform the action: revoking the prohibition he substitutes to it, permission to

perform the action. Prohibiting all persons but one from making use of a certain

article, moveable or immoveable, permitting at the same time that individual to make

use of it, he confers on that individual a right to it.

Commanding one individual to perform certain acts of a nature beneficial to a certain

other individual, he confers on the second individual a right to certain

correspondent services, to be rendered by the first.