1821 July 10 1822 Aug. 11.

Codification Offer? or First Lines Constitutional?

Factitious Dignity excluded

2. Factitious mischievous

III Factitious Dignity

III Factitious Dignity. Power is purely mischievous as to all that is not needless /whatsoever of it is not needful/. Factitious Dignity is in the whole of it purely mischievous. At the expence of the whole - not only of the greatest number but of the whole, is all power created and conferred. At the expence of the whole, is all factitious dignity created and conferred Of operative power the constitutive cause and at the same time the immediate effect is not only obsequiousness but obedience on the part of him over /on/ whom it is exercised. Of factitious dignity the /an/ effect is not obedience indeed but obsequiousness on the part of those at whose expence it is created and conferred. In so far as it is productive of this effect, it is by producing in the minds of those at whose expence it is created the opinion of the existence of superiority either in respect of useful moral and intellectual endowments, or in respect of power, opulence, separately or collectively on the part of him on whom it is conferred, and by whom it is accordingly possessed.

In so far as it is productive of obsequiousness though without actual obedience, it does not indeed confer power on the individual on whom it is conferred, but in his favour it produces the effect of power - conformity to /as towards/ his will. At the same time it creates and conferrs power and in much greater amplitude /quantity/ in favour of him by whom it is itself created and conferred, in favour of the patron of the dignity. For the patron of the dignity is himself the most dignified of all the dignitaries - possessors of the dignity of which be is patron.

On the part /In the case/ of him on whom it is conferred - of him by whom it is possessed - in a word the Dignitary - so far as regards the possession of power and opulence this opinion is commonly well-grounded and just /true/. But in so far as regards the possession of /useful/ endowments moral and intellectual useful, namely to the greatest number and by means of a tendency to the augmentation of their happiness, it is not to this opinion but the reverse of it, that is well grounded and true. The cause of its being so is in this case the same as in the case of excessive opulence and superfluous power, as above.