[clx. 345]

1822 July 12

Constitut. Code Rationale

Securities Counterforce

4 Legal responsibility

5. Moral

?. Expository matter?

The less the quantity /mass/ of counterforce which in his endeavours to promote his particular interest at the expence of the universal interest a public functionary finds /feels/ opposed to him in other shapes, the greater the need there is of its being opposed to him in this shape /his finding something opposed to such his endeavours/. Monarchy an absolute Monarchy is therefore the sort of government in which there is the greatest need of it the need of it is most pressing, and in which accordingly if in a Monarchy the end of government was the greatest happiness of the greatest number, would be established with the greatest alacrity /promptitude/, and supported /maintained/ with the most anxious care. But in a Monarchy in general, and of Monarchies an absolute one in particular is that form of government it is not possible that the greatest happiness of the greatest number ever should have been or ever should be the end of government in which it is not possible that the end of government should ever have been or ever be any other than the greatest happiness of that one with or without some comparatively small number of sharers. Accordingly in every Monarchy not the maintenance but the suppression of this same prime security to good government and good morals has been the object of the most anxious and uninterrupted care

Note after this to account for the comparative mildness of Tuscany and Russia.

On the other hand for the correspondent and opposite reason the greater the counterforce having place as above in the frame of the government itself the less the need of any such /this same/ extraneous counterforce. Accordingly In the Representative Democracies of the Anglo-American United States for example, any such security might as far as /regards/ government were in question be left out of the case /omitted/ /extinguished/ with least inconvenience. Accordingly at one time, partly in consideration of the annoyance to individuals in a season of comparative inexperience endeavours were used /employed/ to extinguish it. But in that Government the greatest happiness of the greatest number being the very end, and sole end in view of the Government, and by every individual seen to be so, this security, far from being suffered to remain in an enfeebled state bound in ill-considered shackles, was soon /presently/ restored, and now for the universal comfort being set down on the rock of uncontested[?] and full experience, is established for ever in all its plenitude.