[clviii. 339]

1822 June 12

Economy

Ch Securities for I. Moral Aptit.

.1. Expository matter

1. Appropriate moral aptitude, what: it has place in so far as, on each occasion, promotion of universal interest is the object of rulers in all functionaries' endeavours: whatsoever the effect on his personal or other particular interest.

2. Laws and institutions apart, opposition of ruler's to people's interest diametrical.

3. Example. Ruler single. People's interest requires that the aggregate of the instruments of external felicity be shared as near to equality as consistent with general security, and abundance necessary to security for subsistence.

4. Monarch's interest requires, or (the same thing to practical purposes) is regarded by him as requiring, that the aggregate be at his absolute disposal.

5. Thus between Monarch and people, opposition of interests diametrical.

6. But so, between every man and all others - social habits and political institutions apart.

Sole difference, Monarch has power of giving effect to his interest; individual, not

7. Identification has place so far as do. opposition is removed. Except in so far as removed by social habits, the opposition being the natural state, only by laws and institutions can the identification be substituted.

By what means, shows the remainder of the chapter.

8. Identification failing, consequence proportionable sacrifice of universal to sinister interest - say sinister sacrifice.

9. In functionary, corruption (political) has place in so far as by his act sinister sacrifice is knowingly effected or promoted.

10. The evil less or greater, according to the relation borne to it by the state of the Government and the law. Sacrifice repugnant to government's object and │   │ and opposed by punishment, evil less: seat of it, individual mind: remedy, better execution of the law, or apter laws by the same government: sacrifice conformable to government's object and fundamental law, thence either established or determinately left unprohibited or unpunishable, seat of the evil, form of the Government: remedy, none but by change of do.: substituting to a form having for object a particular, a do. having for object universal interest

14 June 1822. Memm

Put Opposition before Identification.

 1. Appropriate aptitude what - its elements - Expence what - Relation between Aptitude and Expence Superfluous Expence - depredation Depredation, simple, aggravated.

.2. I Securities for Moral Aptitude. General Security Removal of opposition of functionarys private interest to the universal interest - i.e. his share in do. Consequent sinister sacrifice. Natural Opposition shewn in Monarch's case 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 9

.3. Sinister sacrifice exemplified. Difference - English State Chief and U.S. do. 12. 13. 14. 15

.4. Corruption what. 9 10. 16. 17. Parties concerned - Corruptee - Corruptor 29 Party prejudiced

.5. Corruptive effect how produced - Anglice?. [...? ...?] 18. 19. 20 21. 22. 23. 24. 35. 36. 37.

.6. On whom, and to detriment to whose interest Corruption may operate. Corruption in rulers peculiar to Representative Government. 31. 32. 33. 34

2 Principle of impunibility

1. Practical Democratic[?] principle