nd [wm 1800]

+[?] D

Ch. 2. Leading features

'.4.II. Population

23

89

1

Chap 4.

Of Population

'.4. {II. Population} {4} /II/ Section 1 Sponte Acta with regard to Increase of

Population by Births everything may be left to the spontaneous action of

individuals+. {5} /1[?]/. {Non Agenda} {6. Non Agenda.}

Section 2 Agenda

with regard to increase of population next to nothing is required to be done by

Government; all that Government need do is to prevent decrease by deperition

{The support of Population may be aimed at in either of two ways - 1. preventing

decrease of deperition - 2. - causing encrease.}

{I. Prevention of Decrease. Agenda.}

1. To prevent deperition is to afford Security: security against the extremity

of all mischief, destruction of man's life. The only reason for action, on the

part of government, belongs in this case to another head. {Note See Ch.1.

Defence against external hostility, internal hostility, or calamity.}

Examples of Institutions for preventing deperition.

1. Hospitals for the use of the curable sick and hurt among the Poor.

2. Hospitals for the incurable sick and helpless.

3. Establishments for the occasional maintenance & employment of the

able-bodied among the poor: viz. of such by whom either the one or the other is

unobtainable from the ordinary sources. By their maintenance, population is

preserved: by their employment, wealth may be encreased or not;- crimes of

idleness are prevented.

4. Establishments for the preservation or mitigation of contagious diseases:

establishments, in former times for Inoculation; now for Vaccination. Much may

be done on the part of government, under this head as well as so many others, by

instruction: more or less requires to be done, in proportion as by the ignorance

of the people, operations of this class are excluded from the class of Sponte

Acta, and thence [laced among the Agenda.

Section 3

{Causation of Increase-} Non Agenda because Sponte acta

Institutions on the part of Government, having for their end in view the

causation of increase of population by Births may best be characterized by a

parallel example - Institutions - punishing men for not eating, or for eating

food not sufficiently nourishing:- Institutions paying all mankind for eating

with premiums for those who eat most and oftenest.

[Marginal rubric:] Continue the Section by adding transplanted matter p279 to

286.

+ Montesquieu XXIII.21.